Scientists first produced Stanene. Image source: "Nature - Materials"
Stanene is the latest cousin of graphene, a cellular lattice of carbon atoms that has led to thousands of related two-dimensional materials. These studies include silene sheets composed of silicon atoms; phosphorene composed of phosphorus; germanene composed of rhodium; and thin film sheets incorporating different types of chemical elements.
Many films are excellent conductors of electricity, but Stanene is theoretically more special. At room temperature, electrons should be able to travel along the edges of the grid without colliding with other electrons and atoms as in most materials. According to a 2013 physicist, Zhang Shoucheng of the University of California, Stanford, this will make the film electrically conductive without losing energy in the form of waste heat. Zhang Shoucheng is also one of the authors of this latest research.
According to Peide Ye, an electrical engineer and physicist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, this means that a layer of Stanene film is the perfect road to carry current in the circuit. “I have been looking for things that are not only interesting in science but also potentially useful in the installation.†He said, “This is really a very interesting job.â€
Stanene is predicted to be an example of a topological insulator in which charge carriers (such as electrons) cannot traverse the center of a material but are free to move along their edges, the direction of which depends on their spins - a quantum property - Is it "up" or "down". Zhang Shoucheng said that the current is not dissipated because most of the impurities cannot affect the spin and cannot slow the electrons.
However, despite the creation of Stanene, Zhang Shoucheng and his colleagues at four universities in China could not prove that it is a topological insulator. The researchers created a crystal lattice by evaporating tin in a vacuum and floating the atoms on a support surface made of tantalum. Zhang Shoucheng said that although this surface allows the formation of two-dimensional Stanene crystals, it also has crystal interactions, creating a wrong condition for topological insulators. He has co-authored another paper to study which surfaces work better.
Ralph Claessen, a physicist at the University of Würzburg in Germany, said that it is not entirely clear how the researchers made Stanene. He said he needed to see the direct measurement of the lattice structure from X-ray diffraction in order to confirm that the research team really created Stanene, not the other arrangements of tin. But this requires more material than Zhang Shoucheng and his colleagues.
Guy Le Lay, a physicist at the University of Aix-Marseille in France, is optimistic about the electronic properties of Stanene. “It’s like landing on the moon,†he said. “The first step is crucial.â€
Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon material and is a general term for single-layer graphene, double-layer graphene and multilayer graphene. Because of its extremely low resistivity, electron migration is extremely fast, so it is expected to be used to develop a new generation of electronic components or transistors that are thinner and faster. Since graphene is essentially a transparent, good conductor, it is also suitable for making transparent touch screens, light panels and even solar cells. (Zhao Xixi)
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