The new technology of no-tillage rice straw planting in paddy fields is that after rice harvesting, the paddy fields are no-till, directly ditching into alfalfa, placing the seed potatoes on the soil surface, covering them with straw, and cooperating with appropriate fertilization and management measures until Harvest fresh potatoes. It is a light-cultivation technology for potato, which is labor-saving, high-yield and high-efficiency.
First, the superiority of technology
1. Conducive to the return of straw to the field. This technology directly covers the large amount of straw left after rice harvesting on the potato field. Under the aerobic conditions, a small environment of microbial growth is formed. After a growing season of sun and rain, most of the straw has been decomposed to varying degrees. It provides nutrients for the growth of potatoes, while the parts that have not completely decayed and the green plants of potatoes are also easier to turn into soil or compost to return to the field, which is a good organic fertilizer for rice.
2. Conducive to the production of green food. Water and drought rotation can alleviate the pests and diseases of rice and potato crops; the whole process of rice straw inhibits the growth of weeds to a certain extent, and the straw layer of 10~12cm thick is beneficial to adjust the temperature of the soil surface, making the potato less susceptible to disease. Therefore, straw-covered potato cultivation is a technology for producing safe foods from land preparation to harvest without the need to spray chemical herbicides and pesticides.
3. The method is simple and easy to operate, saving labor and effort. This technology changed the traditional method of potato, changed the "seed potato" to "sweet potato", changed the "digging potato" to "picking potato", and the whole process was summarized as "putting a pendulum, covering it, picking it up" It is simple and easy to use. Moreover, the potato cake surface is smooth, the color is fresh, the breakage rate is low, the commodity is good, and the yield can be compared with the conventional seed method. It is a practical light cultivation technique.
4. Conducive to the use of winter leisure fields, reduce winter abandonment and increase farmers' income.
Second, the technical operating procedures
1. Field preparation Straw cover Planting potatoes should be selected with deep plough layer, fertile soil, well-drained and organic-rich neutral or slightly acidic rice fields. After rice harvesting, the rice pile should not be too high or too low, preferably 15~20cm. Before planting, the ditch is firstly ditched. The width is determined according to the length of the straw and the drainage quality, generally 1.3~1.5m, the groove width is 20~25cm, and the ditch depth is 15cm. The soil excavated when ditching should not be piled up on the edge of the ditch. It should be evenly thrown in the middle of the dagger, and the kneading surface should be formed into a bow-back shape to facilitate drainage. Appropriate weeding before sowing, but no herbicide can be applied.
2. Seed potato preparation
1 variety is selected. Generally, potato varieties with large expansion of potato chips, early potato growth, short growth period and disease resistance are selected. Such as Dongnong 303, Zhongshu No. 3, Kexin No. 4, Fei Wurui and so on.
2 potato chips cut. The potato seed is cut into pieces before germination, in order to save the potato seed and break the dormancy. Less than 40g of seed potato whole potato germination, more than 40g of potato seed dicing germination, to ensure that each dicing is about 30~40g, there are more than one strong bud, the incision is more than 1cm from the bud, and 50% more bacteria after cutting The WP can be immersed in 300 times liquid for about 5 minutes and dried.
3 potato seed germination. The germination can be carried out by a hot bed, a greenhouse or a film covering method, or the potato pieces can be soaked with a solution of 85% gibberellic acid 1 gram plus water 100 kg for 15 minutes, then germinated with wet sand, and a layer of soil or sand is placed in a layer of potato. Stack up to 3~4 layers, too thick will hurt the buds. During the germination period, the temperature will be maintained at 15~18°C. If the temperature is too high, the bud will be slender; it is not suitable for watering, the humidity is too high and it is easy to rot the potato, and the bud is about 2cm long and can be taken out for sowing.
3. Sowing
1 sowing time. Spring potatoes should be sown in the middle of January to early February, and autumn potatoes will be sown in late August.
2 sowing and density. When planting, the seed potato is placed flat on the surface of the plant, the seed buds are downwards (close to the ground), and the seed potato is pressed slightly to make the seed potato fully contact with the soil. Generally, the width is 1m, the broadcast is 3 lines, the width is 1.4m, and 5 lines are broadcast. Leave 20cm on each side and 5,000~5500 plants per acre.
4. Fertilize. The potato has a short growth period, and the base fertilizer should be applied at one time without topdressing. 1500~2000 kg of composted manure per mu, 500~700 kg of manure and manure, and 50~55 kg of ternary granule compound fertilizer as base fertilizer. The manure can be applied to the seedlings and applied to the seed potatoes, while the compound fertilizer should be applied between the rows of 5cm away from the seed potatoes. The compound fertilizer should not be in direct contact with the seed potatoes or be too close to prevent the potato from being damaged. Lack of seedlings.
5. Cover the grass. Immediately after the seed potato is placed, the straw is neatly and evenly covered (about 3 mu of straw in 1 mu of potato field), and it is covered with two sides in a vertical direction with the kneading surface. The straw is about 1250 kg per acre, leaving no gaps. The thickness is generally 10~12cm. The straw is too thick, not only the emergence of seedlings is slow, but also the slender base is slender and weak; the straw is too thin, and the light leakage is easy to cause the green potato rate to rise. After the straw cover is over, the straw is pressed several times with the soil of the clearing ditch to prevent the straw from being blown up by the wind.
6. Water management. Straw-covered potatoes do not require top dressing and cultivating and weeding, but water management must be done. In general, natural precipitation can basically meet the requirements of this technology, but because the new straw absorbs less water, the absorption rate is slow, and it is easy to dry, so that the potato seedlings suffer from drought. Especially when the potato tubers are inflated, the aboveground part is vigorously transpiration, and the underground stems grow rapidly. At this time, the water needs to be the most. The small water should be used for irrigation, so that the water slowly enters the sputum and drains in time to keep the soil moist. Promote tubers to swell, and also conducive to the decay of straw.
7. Harvest at the right time. It takes 60 to 70 days for the early-maturing varieties to emerge from the emergence of the seedlings. When the stems and leaves are yellow, the harvest can begin. In this method, 70% of the potato pieces are cultivated above the soil layer under the straw. When harvesting, the straw can be picked up by simply pulling the straw. The potato chips can be harvested in one batch, or they can be harvested in batches. The straw is removed, the large potato pieces are first removed, and the grass is covered, so that the small potato pieces can continue to grow, so that the best potato type can be selected and listed in time. And can get high output and improve economic efficiency.
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