Through the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Energy Initiative (MITEI), the Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage Center, one of the low-carbon energy centers, has provided $900,000 in funding for two new research projects to promote the avoidance of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and Technology to help combat climate change.
The winning project will receive $750,000, and the other project will receive $150,000.
MIT's Department of Mechanical Engineering principal researcher Asegun Henry, Robert N. Noyce, and chemical engineering principal researcher Paul Barton jointly awarded the project to produce hydrogen without CO2 emissions while creating a second source of solid carbon revenue. Another project led by Victor P. Starr of the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and principal researcher MatÄ›j PeÄ aims to expand the understanding of the new process of storing carbon dioxide in basalt by converting carbon dioxide from aqueous solutions to carbonate minerals.
Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technology may play an important role in limiting or reducing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. This is part of a series of climate change mitigation methods, including renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies and policy measures . Although the deployment scale of some CCUS technologies is one million tons of CO2 per year, there is still a huge demand to improve the cost and performance of these technologies and promote the development of more emerging technologies. MITEI's CCUS Center is working with a group of industry members on promising research projects to meet these challenges.
Henry and Barton's project is titled: " Low cost, no carbon dioxide, using liquid tin to produce hydrogen from CH4 ", the project studied the use of methane pyrolysis instead of steam methane reforming (SMR) to produce hydrogen.
Currently, hydrogen production accounts for about 1% of global carbon dioxide emissions, and the main production method is SMR. The SMR process causes the formation of carbon dioxide, so using another economically competitive method to produce hydrogen can avoid emissions.
Henry said: "Hydrogen is essential to modern life because it is mainly used to make ammonia for fertilizers, and ammonia plays an indispensable role in feeding 7.5 billion people worldwide. But we need to be able to feed a growing population. , And by eliminating carbon dioxide emissions in the hydrogen production process, while being able to make full use of the potential of hydrogen as a carbon-free fuel. Our innovative process produces solid carbon by-products instead of carbon dioxide gas. Solid carbon can be sold as a commodity, thereby reducing hydrogen The lowest selling price makes it possible to achieve a breakeven in the current process of intensive carbon dioxide emissions. "
Henry and Barton's work is a new interpretation of the existing process of methane pyrolysis. Like SMR, methane pyrolysis uses methane as a source of hydrogen, but the approach is different. SMR uses oxygen in water to release hydrogen by preferentially combining oxygen with carbon in methane. In this process, carbon dioxide gas is inevitably produced. In the process of methane pyrolysis, methane is heated to such a high temperature that the molecules themselves become unstable and decompose into hydrogen and solid carbon, a by-product that is more valuable than carbon dioxide. Although the idea of ​​methane pyrolysis has existed for many years, it has been difficult to commercialize due to the formation of solid by-products. These solid by-products will deposit on the walls of the reactor and eventually cause blockage. This problem makes the whole process impractical. Henry and Barton's project adopted a new method in which inert liquid tin promotes the reaction and prevents clogging. Recent advances in Henry's laboratory have made this method feasible, allowing liquid metal to flow and seal at extreme temperatures without causing leakage or material degradation.
(Original from: MIT Global Hydrogen Energy Network China New Energy Network)
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