Recently, the 3D electronic printing technology and equipment research group of the Information Service and Intelligent Control Technology Research Institute of the Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, used inkjet technology to successfully manufacture high-aspect ratio solar cell ultra-fine grid electrodes and realized key technologies. Breakthrough, and independently developed the first inkjet printing prototype system.
At present, more than 90% of crystalline silicon solar cells use screen printing technology to fabricate metal gates. However, there are some deficiencies in screen printing. First, the screen is in contact with the substrate (silicon wafer) during the printing process, which can easily cause the damage of the silicon wafer. Second, the screen printing often causes the waste of the slurry; the third is the screen printing technology. Accuracy and the aspect ratio of printed fine grids are difficult to increase, which has become a major obstacle to the cost and efficiency of crystalline silicon cells. Crystalline silicon solar cells are being improved in three directions: high efficiency, thinning, and low cost. Inkjet printing technology is considered to be a new generation of solar cell grid manufacturing technology that replaces traditional screen printing.
During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, under the support of the National "863" Program and the Open Project of the Key Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the research group of the Shenyang Institute of Automation conducted an in-depth study of the micro-jet mechanism and conducted research on the adaptability of domestic nano-silver paste materials and printing processes. , Independently developed engineering high-speed, high-precision printing control and large array nozzle linkage control technology. Through the optimization of injection rate, printing resolution, curing conditions and other manufacturing processes, the solar cell ultra-fine gate electrode core printing process with positive surface metal gate width <40 μm, aspect ratio >0.6 and uniform three-dimensional shape is designed and developed. The first inkjet printing prototype system in China has laid the foundation for the development and industrialization of the 50MW pilot line for photovoltaic equipment and the formation of an efficient and low cost ultrafine grid battery production line solution.
After introducing the inkjet printing technology into the solar cell super-fine-grid electrode pattern preparation, the key technologies such as reducing the width of the electrode grid line, digitizing the electrode pattern, non-contact printing, and continuous uninterrupted transmission, will increase production line productivity and reduce production. Fragmentation rate, saving raw and auxiliary material losses, reducing operating costs, and improving photoelectric conversion efficiency are all very good. Calculated with the 50MW standard battery production line, the introduction of inkjet printing equipment can increase the conversion efficiency of solar cells by 0.6%, reduce the consumption of silver materials by 40%, and save operating costs by 0.60 yuan/piece to 0.80 yuan/piece.
Potassium Chloride, Magnesium Chloride, Calcium Chloride are normally used in food additives, low-sodium salts as stabilizer, nutrition supplement, salt substitute, gelling agent, yeast food, condiment, pH regulator, tissue softening agnet etc.
The Chloride ion /ˈklÉ”Ëraɪd/ is the anion (negatively charged ion) Cl−. It is formed when the element chlorine (a halogen) gains an electron or when a compound such as hydrogen chloride is dissolved in water or other polar solvents. Chloride salts such as sodium chloride are often very soluble in water.[4] It is an essential electrolyte located in all body fluids responsible for maintaining acid/base balance, transmitting nerve impulses and regulating fluid in and out of cells. Less frequently, the word chloride may also form part of the "common" name of chemical compounds in which one or more chlorine atoms are covalently bonded. For example, methyl chloride, with the standard name chloromethane (see IUPAC books) is an organic compound with a covalent C−Cl bond in which the chlorine is not an anion.
A chloride ion is much larger than a chlorine atom, 167 and 99 pm, respectively. The ion is colorless and diamagnetic. In aqueous solution, it is highly soluble in most cases;
Sea water contains 1.94% chloride. Some chloride-containing minerals include the chlorides of sodium (halite or NaCl), potassium (sylvite or KCl ), and magnesium (bischofite), hydrated MgCl2. The concentration of chloride in the blood is called serum chloride, and this concentration is regulated by the kidneys. A chloride ion is a structural component of some proteins, e.g., it is present in the amylase enzyme.
Role in commerce.
The chlor-alkali industry is a major consumer of the world's energy budget. This process converts sodium chloride or Potassium chloride into chlorine and sodium hydroxide or Potassium hydroxide, which are used to make many other materials and chemicals.
Water quality and processing:
Another major application involving chloride is desalination, which involves the energy intensive removal of chloride salts to give potable water. In the petroleum industry, the chlorides are a closely monitored constituent of the mud system. An increase of the chlorides in the mud system may be an indication of drilling into a high-pressure saltwater formation. Its increase can also indicate the poor quality of a target sand.
Chloride is also a useful and reliable chemical indicator of river / groundwater fecal contamination, as chloride is a non-reactive solute and ubiquitous to sewage & potable water. Many water regulating companies around the world utilize chloride to check the contamination levels of the rivers and potable water sources.
An example is Potassium chloride, which is Potassium chloride with the chemical formula KCl. In water, it dissociates into K+ and Cl− ions. Salts such as calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride have varied uses ranging from medical treatments, food additive to industrial applications.
Calcium chloride (CaCl2) is a salt that is marketed in pellet form for removing dampness from rooms. Calcium chloride is also used for maintaining unpaved roads and for fortifying roadbases for new construction. In addition, calcium chloride is widely used as a de-icer, since it is effective in lowering the melting point when applied to ice.
Chloride
Calcium Chloride Flakes,Calcium Chloride,Magnesium Chloride,Potassium Chloride
Jiangsu Kolod Food Ingredients Co., Ltd. , https://www.kolodchem.com